Prinsip-Prinsip Hak Asasi Hewan dalam Pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid

Abstract

This research raises the question of principles or Islamic foundations of animal rights as found in the thoughts of Nurcholish Madjid (Cak Nur). Cak Nur has been widely known as a leading Islamic humanist, however, a more in-depth reading of several of his articles also reveals that he is a figure who has a great concern for the fate of non-human animals. This is certainly interesting considering that in this contemporary era, along with the rise of environmental advocacy and animal rights movements, there is a fierce conflict between the anthropocentric paradigm (which centers on humans) and eco-biocentric (which places humans as "only" one member of the natural community). Three questions are raised in this research: how is the relevancy between the Islamic reformation project promoted by Cak Nur to the discourse and advocacy of animal rights? What is his view on the relationship between animals and humans based on Islamic sources? And finally, what are his thoughts regarding the spiritual dimension of animals as a basis for (islamic) animal rights? This research uses a descriptive-analytical method on several articles by Cak Nur that are considered relevant to the research theme. A comparative study was also conducted on several contemporary thinkers with similar concerns, such as Sarra Tlili, Masri, and Abdul-Munir Mulkhan. This research concluded that there is a connection between humanism (respect for human rights) and the struggle for the sacred value of nature, as well as animal rights and welfare. Keywords: Animal Rights; Nurcholish Madjid; Theocentrism; Taskhir; Eid Al-Adha. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengangkat tema prinsip-prinsip atau landasan keislaman hak asasi hewan sebagaimana terdapat dalam pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid (Cak Nur). Selama ini sosok Cak Nur telah dikenal luas sebagai humanis-Islam garda terdepan, namun demikian lewat pembacaan yang lebih mendalam terhadap beberapa artikel tulisannya diketahui pula bahwa ia merupakan sosok yang memiliki perhatian besar terhadap nasib hewan-hewan non-manusia. Hal ini tentu saja menarik mengingat di era kontemporer ini, seiring dengan maraknya gerakan advokasi lingkungan dan hak-hak hewan, terdapat pertentangan yang sengit antara paradigma antroposentris (yang berpusat pada manusia) dengan eko dan biosentris (yang menempatkan manusia sebagai “hanya” salah-satu anggota komunitas alamiah). Tiga pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini: bagaimana relevansi proyek pembaruan Islam yang diusung Cak Nur dengan wacana hak asasi hewan (animal rights)? Bagaimana pandangannya perihal relasi hewan dengan manusia berdasarkan sumber-sumber keislaman? dan akhirnya, bagaimana pemikirannya berkenaan dengan dimensi spiritual hewan sebagai landasan hak asasi hewan? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis terhadap beberapa artikel dari Cak Nur yang dianggap relevan dengan tema penelitian. Selanjutnya juga dilakukan studi komparasi terhadap beberapa pemikir kontemporer yang memiliki perhatian yang sama, seperti Sarra Tlili, Masri dan Abdul-Munir Mulkhan. Penelitian ini sampai pada satu kesimpulan adanya ketersambungan antara humanisme (penghargaan terhadap hak-hak asasi kemanusiaan) dengan perjuangan nilai sakral alam (sacred value of nature), dan hak-hak serta kesejahteraan hewan (animal right and welfare). Kata Kunci: Hak Asasi Hewan; Nurcholish Madjid; Teosentrisme; Taskhir; Idul Qurban.